The unique and stabilised oil extract from Green Lipped Mussels
Mussel powder is the by product of this proprietary process. Antinol® contains no mussel powder.
Scientific Studies
and Case Reports
of EAB-277® and PCSO-524®
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Antinol® Latest Studies
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Study of the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, marine based fatty acid compounds (PCSO-524 and EAB-277), and carprofen for the treatment of dogs with hip osteoarthritis: A prospective, block-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Canine tracheal collapse is a progressive disease in small breed dogs resulting from chronic inflammation of the tracheal mucosal lining. Polyunsaturated fatty acid EAB-277® is one of the nutraceuticals that can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a prognostic tool related to sympathovagal balance and oxidative stress level, which is widely used with cardiorespiratory diseases. However, the effect of EAB-277® on HRV in tracheal collapse dogs has rarely been investigated.
Introduction: Glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate are commonly used in dogs with OA, but evidence around efficacy is mixed. This study evaluated the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, marine based fatty acid compounds (PCSO-524 and EAB-277), and carprofen for the alleviation of canine hip OA pain. This was a prospective, block-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Methods: Seventy-five owned pet dogs with hip OA were assigned randomly into five treatment groups: PCSO-524, Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, EAB-277, carprofen, and Placebo (sunflower oil). Peak vertical force (PVF) and subjective orthopedic assessment scores (OAS) were evaluated before treatment (week 0), and at weeks 2, 4, and 6 during treatment.
Results: At week 2, the carprofen group showed a significant increase in PVF (3.14 ± 5.33; mean ± SD). After 4 weeks, the increases in PVF of the PCSO-524 (3.90 ± 3.52), EAB-277 (4.17 ± 4.94), and carprofen (3.08 ± 5.87) groups were significant, and significantly greater than placebo (0.08 ± 1.90) and glucosamine (−0.05 ± 6.34) groups. After 6 weeks, the change of PVF in the PCSO-524 (4.14 ± 4.65), EAB-277 (4.45 ± 4.23), and carprofen (4.21 ± 6.52) groups were significant and significantly higher than the placebo group (−0.33 ± 3.65). The change in PVF in the glucosamine group (1.08 ± 5.49) lay between the placebo group and the other treatment groups. The OAS did not show any significant change in any group.
Discussion: PCSO-524 and EAB-277, but not glucosamine/chondroitin, resulted in significant improvements in PVF from baseline after 4 weeks, and 6 weeks, and to a similar degree to that seen with carprofen.
The Effectiveness of Marine Based Fatty Acid Compound (PCSO-524) and Firocoxib in the Treatment of Canine Osteoarthritis
This randomized double blinded study included 79 mixed breed dogs that had hip and/or stifle OA with X-ray confirmation. Outcome measures were changes in Kinetic force plate gait analysis-Peak Vertical Force (PVF), the Orthopedic Assessment Score (OAS), Canine Brief Pain Inventory score (CBPI), and serum prostaglandin E2 concentration (PGE2).
The results of the study suggest that within each group of a combination (PCSO-524 and Firocoxib), PCSO-524, Firocoxib showed the significant improvement of weight bearing ability but not in the comparison between.
The Effectiveness of Marine Based Fatty Acid Compound (PCSO-524) Alone and Combined with Firocoxib in the Treatment of Canine Osteoarthritis
(VOS conference, March 2018)
This randomized study involved 31 mixed breed dogs with x ray confirmed OA of stifle joint. They were split into 2 groups for four weeks of treatment.
The results showed a non-significant effect of the treatment on the adjusted Peak Vertical Force (PVF) value (p=0.447) among the 2 treatment groups.
Preliminary Study on Treatment Outcomes and Prednisolone Tapering after Marine Lipid Extract EAB-277 Supplementation in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Simple Summary: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs is a common autoimmune disease which is accompanied with a high death rate and therapeutic challenges. A natural antiinflammatory nutraceutical product, EAB-277, is derived from marine lipids. Unfortunately, the effects of EAB-277 in IMHA dogs has rarely been investigated. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effects of EAB-277 and prednisolone dose-tapering for supplemental therapy in IMHA dogs. The findings provide evidence that standard therapy combined with EAB-277 can improve hematological and blood chemistry profiles, resulting in a higher survival rate in IMHA dogs. Furthermore, EAB-277 supplementation can reduce prednisolone dosage tapering and improve the quality of life of IMHA dogs. However, a longer-term study with a larger sample size is necessary to corroborate these findings. As a result, marine EAB-277 is a promising alternative to existing medication for IMHA. Since the nutraceuticals have been utilized not only for nutrition but also as supplemental therapy for the treatment of a wide range of illnesses, such as minimizing the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy with steroids.
PCSO-524® for Treatment of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis in Dogs
Authors:
An 8-year old Chihuahua dog was admitted for surgical treatment of patella luxation at Small Animal Hospital of Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
At 2 weeks prior to the hospital visit, the dog showed signs of fever, anorexia, lethargy, and lameness of the left leg. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) was prescribed at that time but the dog had no response to the treatment.
The dog received prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg bid, gabapentin 10 mg/kg sid, samylin® liver supplement 1 tablet sid, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 20 mg/kg sid in the first week of the treatment. Then prednisolone was stopped due to elevation of liver enzymes; AST, ALT, and ALK.
The following 1-month treatment course included cyclosporine 6 mg/kg bid, gabapentin 10 mg/kg bid, samylin® 1 tablet sid, and PCSO-524® 1 capsule bid.
The Effects of PCSO-524 Extract on Vital Signs, Complete Blood Count, and Blood Chemistry in Clinically-Healthy Normal Cats
Authors:
Chronic pain is commonly caused by degenerative disease, which is under diagnosed in cats.
PCSO-524 is an extract of Perna canaliculus, a known source of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with anti-inflammatory properties. Lipids extracted from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (NZGLM) contain a complex mixture of mainly phospholipids (PL, 57-79%), triglycerides (TG, 10-25%), free fatty acids (FFA, 7-12%) and sterols (ST, 12-18%)
PCSO-524 is a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties commonly used to treat osteoarthritis in human beings and dogs.
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of PCSO-524 extract on vital signs, completed blood count, and blood chemistry in clinically-healthy normal cats.
Effectiveness of Disease Modifying Osteoarthritis Agents and Carprofen for Treatment of Canine Osteoarthritis
A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of disease modifying osteoarthritis agents (DMOAAs) and carprofen by using force plate gait analysis and orthopaedic assessment score (OAS) in osteoarthritic dogs.
Forty dogs with hip and/or stifle osteoarthritis (OA) were assigned randomly into four treatment groups:
PCSO-524, treated with a marine-based fatty-acid compound; GC-ASU, treated with a combination of glucosamine-chondroitin sulphate and avocado/soybean unsaponifiables; CPF, treated with carprofen; and CPF-PCSO, treated with a combination of carprofen and PCSO-524. Each group received the therapeutic agent orally for four weeks.
Peak vertical force (PVF), OAS, haematology and blood chemistry values were evaluated before treatment, and on the second and fourth weeks post-treatment.
No significant effect was found in the PVF, OAS and blood values among the four treatment groups.
Effect of PCSO-524 on OA Biomarkers and Weight Bearing Properties in Canine Shoulder and Coxofemeral Osteoarthritis
This trial included 66 mixed breed dogs with x-ray confirmed OA split into two treatment groups for 24 weeks. These were 1) PCSO-524 (5 mg/kg) and 2) fish oil (2,000 mg/d). The dogs were all placed on a standardised diet to minimise variability.
The results suggest that PCSO-524 is protective against cartilage breakdown in dogs with osteoarthritis.
Application of the Polyunsaturated fatty acid compound PCSO-524 in the post operative recovery of dogs that have had stifle surgery
World Small Animal Veterinary Assoc.
38th Annual Congress 6-9 March 2013, Auckland, New Zealand
The clinical outcomes of the use of PCSO-524 in 28 dogs that had undergone surgery on the stifle (which included correction of the patellar luxation and correction of cranial cruciate ligament rupture) were studied at the Small Animal Teaching Hospital, at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Twenty-eight dogs that undergone both stifle surgery were included in our study. All test subjects had been given pre-emptive analgesia (morphine sulfate). NSAIDs and glucosamine had been administered before the surgery.
Two postoperative treatments were:
- NSAIDs treatment for one week in combination with glucosamine sulfate;
- only PCSO-524 treatments.
Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplement on Healthy Beagle Dogs
Authors:
A randomized complete blocked design was assigned to 40 healthy Beagle dogs aged between 1 to 3 years old. All dogs were separated into 4 groups, each of which had 5 males and 5 females.
Adaptation and test periods were of 2 and 8 weeks duration, respectively.
Four dietary treatments were composed of basal diet plus 20 empty capsules as placebo (negative control), basal diet plus 2 (the recommended dose), 6 (3 times the recommended dose) and 20 capsules (10 times the recommended dose) of n-3 PUFAs (PCSO-524®: Antinol®).
Use of PCSO-524® for Supplementary Treatment of Protein Losing Nephropathy in Animals
Authors:
An intact male Shih Tzu dog weighed 5.8 kilograms was referred to Suvarnachad Animal Hospital with signs of polydipsia, polyuria, edema and ascites due to accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
Biochemical tests found hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased urine protein creatinine ratio (UPC) to 5.88 and no signs of inflammation or infection of the urinary tract.
Protein losing nephropathy from glomerular disease was diagnosed based on the biochemical indicators. Medication was given to the dog in order to control kidney damage and minimize the clinical symptoms.
Anti-proteinuric drug, for example ACE inhibitor to reduce blood pressure, was particularly selected for the treatment in conjunction with prednisolone and PCSO-524® as supplementary treatment.
During the 10 months follow up, the dog showed improvement of clinical symptoms, no edema, lack of accumulation of fluid in abdomen cavity, and serum albumin that was increased to normal level.
Report Clinical Results of Feline Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) that received PCSO-524® Vol.9 (2018 September)
Authors:
Chronic Kidney Disease in cat(1) treated with Antinol®
Mongrel Cat, 7 years old was admitted to Maizuru Animal Medical Center, patient was diagnosed with CKD
Overview: Patient was not responding to treatment but decrease in BUN and Creatinine (Are) levels were observed after Antinol® was added to treatment regimen.
(Addition of Antinol® to treatment: 1st 2 weeks; 2 caps / day orally. Continued with 1 caps / day orally.)
Report Clinical Results of Feline Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) that received PCSO-524® Vol.10 (2019 February)
Authors:
Chronic Kidney Disease in cat(2) treated with Antinol®
Mongrel Cat, 7 years old was admitted to Maizuru Animal Medical Center, Kidney disease was observed.
Overview: Patient was repeatedly hospitalised for treatment of CKD. But two weeks after Antinol® was added to treatment regimen, decrease in BUN, Are, and P level as well as improvement of appetite and activity was observed.
(Addition of Antinol® to treatment: 1st 2 weeks; 2 caps / day, orally. Continued with 1 caps / day, orally for 1 week. Increased dose in the 4th week to 2 caps / day, orally since appetite decreased.)
The Use of Cyclosporine and PCSO-524® in the Treatment of Alopecia and Dermatitis due to Sebaceous Adenitis in Rabbits
Authors:
Female Holland Lop rabbit aged 9 years and 6 months was taken to the hospital for treatment of dermatitis.
Clinical signs included alopecia with unknown cause, dry and course hair, scaling, dry and cracked skin.
The laboratory examination consisted of superficial skin scraping, cellophane tape technique and dermatophyte test kit examination.
External parasites, yeast, and fungi were not found. However, skin biopsy identified hyperkeratosis, follicular dystrophy, and decreased number of sebaceous gland.
After sebaceous adenitis was diagnosed, the rabbit was treated with 5mg/kg cyclosporine sid and 1 capsule of PCS0-524® sid for more than 6 months in order to reduce the skin inflammation and hairrestoration.
No adverse effects were found and the hair loss was replaced by new hair growth, softer hair and less scaling was observed.
Updated Study Topics
New researches and publications related to PCSO-524® and its result in clnical test submitted by veterinarians on the global conferences every year and the data keeps growing with more studies conducted
Where it all started
In 1997, the first study was published.
The effectiveness of PCSO-524® (found in Antinol® and Lyprinol®) in this study has driven the medical community toward the alternative treatment aimed for the better quality of life for pets.
The Whitehouse Study :
Anti-inflammatory activity of a lipid fraction (lyprinol) from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel
A lipid-rich extract, preparared by supercritical fluid extraction of fresh stabilized mussel powder (Lyprinol), showed significant anti-inflammatory (AI) activity given therapeutically and prophylactically po to Wistar and Dark Agouti rats developing either (a) adjuvant-induced polyarthritisor (b) collagen(II)-induced autoallergic arthritis, with ED50≤15 mg/kg; c.f. naproxen≥25 mg/kg or various therapeutic oils (flaxseed, evening primrose, fish)≥1800 mg/kg given orally.
Lyprinol showed little or no activity in acute irritation assays (carrageenan, kaolin, histamine) indicating it is not mimicking rapid-acting NSAIDs.
The Effectiveness of Marine Based Fatty Acid Compound (PCSO-524) and Firocoxib in the Treatment of Canine Osteoarthritis
This randomized double blinded study included 79 mixed breed dogs that had hip and/or stifle OA with X-ray confirmation. Outcome measures were changes in Kinetic force plate gait analysis-Peak Vertical Force (PVF), the Orthopedic Assessment Score (OAS), Canine Brief Pain Inventory score (CBPI), and serum prostaglandin E2 concentration (PGE2).
The results of the study suggest that within each group of a combination (PCSO-524 and Firocoxib), PCSO-524, Firocoxib showed the significant improvement of weight bearing ability but not in the comparison between.
The Effectiveness of Marine Based Fatty Acid Compound (PCSO-524) Alone and Combined with Firocoxib in the Treatment of Canine Osteoarthritis
(VOS conference, March 2018)
This randomized study involved 31 mixed breed dogs with x ray confirmed OA of stifle joint. They were split into 2 groups for four weeks of treatment.
The results showed a non-significant effect of the treatment on the adjusted Peak Vertical Force (PVF) value (p=0.447) among the 2 treatment groups.
Anti-inflammatory activity of
a lipid fraction (lyprinol) from the
NZ green-lipped mussel
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